<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker, D. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Epstein, H. E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Romanovsky , V.E.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ping, C. L.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Michaelson, G. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daanen, R.P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Shur, Y.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Peterson, R. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Krantz, W. B.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Raynolds, M. K.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gould, W. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gonzalez, G.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nicolsky, D. J.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vonlanthen, C. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kade, A. N.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kuss, P.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kelley, A. M.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Munger, C. A.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Tamocai, C. T.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Matveyeva, N. V.</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Daniels, F. J. A.</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arctic patterned-ground ecosystems: A synthesis of field studies and models along a North American Arctic Transect</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">active-layer</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">alaska</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">climate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">frost heave</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">gradient</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">kuparuk river basin</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">n-factor</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">soils</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">tundra</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">vegetation</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2008</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jun 14</style></date></pub-dates></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;Go to ISI&gt;://000256812200001</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">G3</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">113</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">-</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0148-0227</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">English</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Arctic landscapes have visually striking patterns of small polygons, circles, and hummocks. The linkages between the geophysical and biological components of these systems and their responses to climate changes are not well understood. The &quot;Biocomplexity of Patterned Ground Ecosystems&quot; project examined patterned-ground features (PGFs) in all five Arctic bioclimate subzones along an 1800-km trans-Arctic temperature gradient in northern Alaska and northwestern Canada. This paper provides an overview of the transect to illustrate the trends in climate, PGFs, vegetation, n-factors, soils, active-layer depth, and frost heave along the climate gradient. We emphasize the thermal effects of the vegetation and snow on the heat and water fluxes within patterned-ground systems. Four new modeling approaches build on the theme that vegetation controls microscale soil temperature differences between the centers and margins of the PGFs, and these in turn drive the movement of water, affect the formation of aggradation ice, promote differential soil heave, and regulate a host of system propel-ties that affect the ability of plants to colonize the centers of these features. We conclude with an examination of the possible effects of a climate wan-ning on patterned-ground ecosystems.</style></abstract><accession-num><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ISI:000256812200001</style></accession-num><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">314LZTimes Cited:3Cited References Count:54</style></notes><auth-address><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Walker, DAUniv Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniv Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Arctic Biol, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniv Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniv Munster, Inst Plant Ecol, D-4814 Munster, GermanyUniv Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USAUSDA, Inst Trop Forestry, San Juan, PR 00926 USANatl Univ Singapore, Dept Chem &amp; Biomol Engn, Singapore 0511, SingaporeUniv Bern, Inst Plant Sci, CH-3013 Bern, SwitzerlandRussian Acad Sci, VL Komarov Bot Inst, St Petersburg 197376, RussiaUniv Alaska, Agr &amp; Forestry Expt Stn, Palmer, AK 99645 USAUniv Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Mech Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAUniv Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Civil &amp; Environm Engn, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USAAgr &amp; Agri Food Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6, CanadaZurich Basel Plant Sci Ctr, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland</style></auth-address></record></records></xml>